In the November/December 2013 issue of Biblical Archaeology Review, David Marcus and James A. Critical editions of the Bible examine these differences by looking at varying Hebrew witnesses and try to accurately reconstruct the original Hebrew manuscripts of the Bible. Thus, it should not surprise us that the Hebrew Bible, which has a transmission history of several millennia, contains textual difficulties, corruptions and even mistakes. Even the most careful scribe makes errors, which are perpetuated and often compounded by future scribes. When transmitting any sort of a document from generation to generation, small alterations-some intentional, others not-are made. The Hebrew Bible-or Old Testament-that we have today differs from the Hebrew manuscripts of the Bible penned in the first millennium B.C.E. Photo by Bruce and Kenneth Zuckerman, West Semitic Research/With the Ancient Biblical Manuscript Center/Courtesy Russian National Library. The scribe of the manuscript Samuel son of Jacob, one of the Masoretes, even records his name. This carpet page from the Leningrad Codex (1008 C.E.)-of the tradition of the Masoretes-is the base text for Biblia Hebraica Quinta. The Masoretes established an astoundingly accurate tradition of Bible transmission. Sign up to take a journey through Hanukkah and go deeper into the Festival of Lights.A MASTERPIECE OF THE MASORETES. V’akhar kein ba’u vanekha lidvir beitekha ufinu et heichalkha v’tiharu et mikdashekha v’hidlik neirot b’khatzrot kadshekha v’kav’u shmonat yemei hanukkah eilu l’hodot u’lehalel l’shimkha hagadolĪnd afterward, your children came to the Holy of Holies in your House, and they cleansed your Palace and purified your Temple and they kindled lights in the courtyard of your Sanctuary and they established these eight days of Hanukkah to give thanks and to praise your great nameįor a thoughtful commentary on why this prayer mentions the miracle of the military victory but not the oil that burned for eight days, click here.įor an additional reflection on how Al Hanisim reflects on our partnership with God in performing miracles, click here.Įxplore Hanukkah’s history, global traditions, food and more with My Jewish Learning’s “All About Hanukkah” email series. U’lekha asita shem gadol v’kadosh b’olamekha u’lamkha yisrael asita t’shua gedola u’furkan k’hayom hazehĪnd you made for yourself a great and holy name in your world, and performed a great salvation and miracle for your people Israel, as you do today You delivered the mighty into the hands of the week, the many into the hands of the few, the impure into the hands of the pure, the wicked into the hands of the righteous, and the degenerates into the hands of those who cling to your Torah Masarta giborim b’yad khalashim v’rabim b’yad m’atim u’tmei’im b’yad t’horim u’r’sha’im b’yad tzadikim v’zeidim b’yad oskei toratekha You, in your enormous mercy, stood up for them in their time of great need, upheld their cause, judged their case, and avenged their oppressors. V’ata v’rakhamekha harabim amad’ta lahem b’eit tzaratam ravta et rivam danta et dinam nakamta et nikmatam In the days of Mattathias son of Yohanan the high priest, the Hasmonean, and his sons, when the evil kingdom of Greece stood against your people Israel in order to make them forget your Torah and violate your laws And for the miracles and for the wonders and for the mighty deeds and for the salvations and for the victories that you wrought for our ancestors in their days and in this day
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